06: Error Handling : Try-catch

• try block:

  • Encloses code that might throw an error.

  • Code inside the try block is executed.

  • If an error occurs, control jumps to the catch block.

• catch block:

  • Handles errors thrown in the corresponding try block.

  • Allows graceful error handling without crashing the script.

  • Can specify the type of error to catch or catch any error.

Example of Try-Catch Block in JavaScript for Error Handling

// Simple try-catch block to handle potential errors
try {
    console.log("START of try");
    // blablabla; // Placeholder for potential code that might throw an error
    fun(); // Calling function 'fun' which might throw an error
    console.log("End of try");
} catch (err) {
    console.log("Error has been caught !", err); // Log any caught errors
}

⛔Error Handling with setTimeout:

try {
    // Execute the following code after a delay of 2000 milliseconds (2 seconds).
    setTimeout(function () {
        // This code will be executed after the delay.
        console.log("Start of try");

        // An error will be thrown here because 'bla' is not defined.
        bla;

        // This line will not be executed due to the error above.
        console.log("END of try");
    }, 2000);
} catch (err) {
    // If an error occurs within the try block, it won't be caught here.
    // This catch block is not relevant to the error inside setTimeout.
    console.log('Outer of setTimeout', err);
}

This code doesn't work as expected because the error thrown inside the setTimeout callback function is not caught by the catch block outside of the setTimeout.

Here's why:

1. When you use setTimeout, the callback function is executed asynchronously after the specified delay (in this case, after 2000 milliseconds).

2. The try block doesn't wait for the asynchronous operation (in this case, setTimeout) to complete before moving to the catch block. As a result, any errors thrown inside the setTimeout callback are not caught by the surrounding try...catch block.

✅ Correct way - To handle errors thrown inside asynchronous operations

To handle errors thrown inside asynchronous operations like setTimeout, you need to place the try...catch block inside the callback function itself. This way, you can catch errors that occur within the asynchronous operation:

// Set up a delayed execution using setTimeout.
setTimeout(function () {
    // Inside the setTimeout function, set up a try-catch block to handle potential errors.
    try {
        console.log("Start of try");
        // An error will be thrown here because 'bla' is not defined.
        bla;
        console.log("END of try");
    } catch (err) {
        // If an error occurs within the try block, it will be caught here.
        console.log("Inside Timeout Function: ", err);
    }
}, 2000);

Accessing error properties

try {
    // Code that might throw an error
    bla;
} catch (err) {
    // Accessing error properties
    console.log(err.name);     // Output: "ReferenceError"
    console.log(err.message);  // Output: "bla is not defined"
    console.log(err.stack);    // Output: Stack trace information
}

JSON Parsing and Stringifying

try {
    // Define a JSON string.
    // let myJson = `{"name": "John","age": 25}`;
    let myJson = '{"name": "John","age": 25}';
    console.log(myJson); // Output: {"name": "John","age": 25}
    console.log(typeof myJson); // Output: string

    // Parse the JSON string into an object.
    let user = JSON.parse(myJson);
    console.log(typeof user); // Output: object
    console.log(user); // Output: { name: 'John', age: 25 }
    console.log(user.name); // Output: John
    console.log(user.age); // Output: 25

    // Convert the object back to a JSON string.
    let phirJSON = JSON.stringify(user);
    console.log(phirJSON); // Output: {"name":"John","age":25}
    console.log(typeof phirJSON); // Output: string

    // if (!user.address) {
    //     throw new Error('User must have a address'); // ⚠️ Error: User must have a address
    // }

} catch (err) {
    // Catch and log any errors that occur during JSON parsing or stringifying.
    console.log(err);
}

try-catch-finally Blocks - Error Handling

try {
    // Code that may throw an error
    console.log("Inside try block");
    throw new Error("An error occurred");
} catch (error) {
    // Catch block to handle any errors
    console.error("Caught an error:", error.message);
} finally {
    // Finally block will always execute, regardless of whether there's an error or not
    console.log("Inside finally block");
}